Fishing for Galaxies

Galaxies tuning fork diagram using Spitzer and Herschel data. Image credit: C. North, M. Galametz & the Kingfish Team

A couple of years after launch, it’s great to see science coming out of the 3.5-m European Herschel Space Observatory. Operating in the far-infrared, Herschel is for the first time giving us high-resolution images at wavelengths that were really very blobby until now. A large number of key projects have been going from the earliest days of the telescope’s operation, and these are now putting out lots of great publications.

The Kingfish project, led by Rob Kennicutt at the University of Cambridge, aims to study how stars are forming in other galaxies than our own, and what physical conditions are present in their interstellar media. The 60-ish galaxies observed are all relatively nearby so the telescope and its instruments can resolve them and study different regions (in contrast with high-redshift galaxies, where we often just detect a few red pixels).

The team, which includes lots of friends and colleagues from both MPIA and Leiden, just released this fun picture of their sample galaxies, replicating the well known Hubble tuning fork diagram of different galaxy shapes based on Spitzer (MIPS) mid-IR and Herschel far-IR data (PACS and SPIRE). If you go to the official page, there’s an interactive version that lets you click on the galaxies to find out more about them. Try clicking the fish as well. Unfortunately that version isn’t embeddable, so you’ll have to follow the link…. (nudge nudge, Chris North).

 

Credit where it’s due?

The Andromeda Galaxy in optical, IR and X-ray

Earlier this week, this amazing image of M31, the Andromeda galaxy, was splashed all over the media and the inernet. The image is a composite of optical, infrared and X-ray data, with the infrared image coming from the Herschel space telescope, launched in 2009. The picture has been featured and discussed in the media all week – rightly so, as it’s stunning. With Herschel, we can finally showcase far-infrared and submillimetre images that are just as beautiful as those produced at shorter wavelengths with Hubble, or VLT on the ground. Moreover, observing galaxies at these wavelengths at the level of detail enabled by Herschel is opening some big new windows onto the physics that governs the Universe, from right on our doorstep to billions of lightyears away. What I’m saying, if that wasn’t yet clear, is that this telescope is something to be very proud of.

The Daily Mail, however, decided to take a different approach – one that both misses the point, and is plain wrong. It sets the Herschel image side by side with an optical image of Andromeda, taken by British amateur astronomer Steve Loughran, and asks:

“One of these pictures was taken in a British back garden by an amateur using kit worth £10,000 – the other cost Nasa millions. But can you tell the difference?”

Herschel looks into the Heart of Darkness

Star formation in Gould's Belt

Last week a big conference took place at the European Space Agency hub ESTEC, down the road in Noordwijk. The town was inundated with the lucky scientists who got to play with the first data from the new infrared space observatory Herschel and were finally allowed to talk about it to the rest of the world. And now that the conference is over, as expected, science from Herschel is everywhere!

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Oh My Herschel

Herschel stares into Aquila

Herschel stares into Aquila

Scientists have gathered in Madrid this week to discuss for the first time the data they have received from the new infrared telescope Herschel that was launched in May of this year. Some fantastic images have been produced as part of the first observing programmes, like the one above of an active star forming region in the constellation Aquila. The region was known as a ‘dark cloud’ – meaning that dust was blocking any visible or near-infrared radiation coming from its interior. Until Herschel came along, and switched on the lights. Observing at longer infrared wavelengths, the telescope is sensitive to radiation from cooler and dusty material, allowing it to peer into the cloud’s interior. The image, created from data from two of Herschel’s images, PACS and SPIRE, shows up to 700 dense pockets of cold and dusty material that may eventually condense into stars; around 100 of them have progressed to the protostellar stage where they begin to resemble a young forming star.

ESA has launched a new site to showcase the Herschel images. A little sparsely populated so far, but the first postings are very promising indeed.

Image credit: ESA and the SPIRE & PACS consortia, Ph. André (CEA Saclay) for the Gould’s Belt Key Programme Consortia

Star formation as seen by Herschel

The great images from Herschel continue to come in. This week ESA released the first image that combines data from two of its instruments, PACS and SPIRE.While each instrument has its own unique functionality, the true power of a multi-mode observatory like Herschel is often the ability the observe the same region of sky with several of its instruments simultaneously, to offer a richer view of the target than possible with a single instrument.

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